Dynamic control plan combines FMEA and the control plan
OVERVIEW
Advanced quality planning (AQP) includes quality functiondeployment (QFD, house of quality), design FMEA, process FMEA, and the control
plan. All these activities are interrelated. The outputs of QFD are inputs to
the design FMEA, the design FMEA's outputs are inputs to the process FMEA, and
the process FMEA's outputs define the requirements of the control plan.
The control plan governs operations that affect the critical to
quality product characteristics and it includes, for example, sampling plans,
metrology, and measurement systems analysis (MSA). As the process FMEA defines
the critical operations and their failure modes—that is, how a deficiency in
the operation can cause nonconformances—it is natural to extend the FMEA to
include the control plan itself. The result is a dynamic control plan, a living
document that evolves in response to process improvements, and thus drives
continual improvement.
The webinar will cover additional considerations for FMEA,
including the often-overlooked effect of frequency of exposure to a risk, and
the concurrent need for engineering controls (poka-yoke, error proofing) that
make nonconformances physically impossible.
FMEA Training Course |
WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEND
Failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) is a mandatory element of
AQP and APQP, and the textbook methods are well known. Attendees will learn,
however, considerations that go well beyond calculation of the traditional risk
priority number (RPN). Drawbacks of RPN include the fact that it is the product
of three ordinal numbers which means that a smaller RPN does not necessarily
mean a lower risk. Failure modes with catastrophic severity ratings always
require attention regardless of RPN, and the occurrence rating does not account
for the frequency with which we are exposed to a risk. The Army's Risk
Management Process does account for frequency of exposure, and this free off
the shelf resource is worthy of consideration.
The issue of frequency of exposure, whether in terms of the
number of times a job is performed or the number of parts that are produced,
also underscores the need for engineering controls that make nonconformances
impossible, in contrast to administrative controls that rely on worker
vigilance. Shigeo Shingo case studies that begin with language like
"errors were avoided through worker vigilance" always involved
errors—not because workers aren't vigilant but because mistakes are inevitable
given (1) any finite probability of occurrence and (2) enough opportunities.
Consideration of this issue increases the effectiveness of FMEA.
Extension of the FMEA to include the control plan then creates a
dynamic control plan that addresses the product's critical to quality
characteristics and the risks associated with them.
AREAS COVERED
- Know the key elements of advanced quality planning:
QFD, design FMEA, process FMEA, and the control plan. The importance of
designing quality into the product cannot be overemphasized; Henry Ford
said to design the product so it can be most easily made, i.e. for
manufacture.
- Know the definition of critical characteristics (these
affect safety and/or compliance with government regulations) and
significant characteristics, which affect customer satisfaction. These are
known generically as critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics for which
quality planning and controls are mandatory.
- Recognize that the control plan must address the CTQ
characteristics through appropriate measurements and controls, which can
include gages and instruments, sample plans, calibration schedules, and
measurement systems analysis (MSA, gage reproducibility and
repeatability). Controls can also, however, include error-proofing
(poka-yoke) and automatic feedback process controls.
- Know the definition of failure modes (what goes wrong)
and failure mechanisms (how it goes wrong).
- Know how to define severity, occurrence, and detection
ratings, and multiply these to get a risk priority number in FMEA. Also,
however, give priority to high severity ratings regardless of RPN, and
recognize that the occurrence rating does not inherently recognize
frequency of exposure to the risk.
- Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 5-19, "Risk
Management," as a simpler alternative to FMEA when it is difficult to
quantify the exact probability of occurrence and/or non-detection.
- Extend the columns of the FMEA to include the control
plan, and thus create a dynamic control plan.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The dynamic control plan is a natural extension of the columns
of a traditional process failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) to include the
control plan for the operations that affect the critical to quality (CTQ)
product characteristics. This supports advanced quality planning (AQP) or
advanced product quality planning (APQP) as required by IATF 16949.
WHO WILL BENEFIT
Manufacturing and design professionals with responsibilities for
AQP or APQP (automotive).
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